Total Leucocyte count

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Aim

To determine the total number of white blood cells (leukocytes) present in a unit volume of blood.

Principle

The principle of total leukocyte count involves diluting the blood sample to lyse red blood cells and counting the remaining white blood cells using a hemocytometer under a microscope. The dilution factor and the volume of the blood sample are used to calculate the total leukocyte count.


Equipment and Reagents Required

1. Hemocytometer

2. Microscope

3. Pipettes

4. Diluting fluid (e.g., Turk's solution or isotonic saline)

5. Lancing device or needle

6. Blood collection tube


Procedure

1. Collect a blood sample using a lancing device or needle and anticoagulated blood collection tube.

2. Dilute the blood sample with a known volume of diluting fluid in a specific ratio (commonly 1:20 or 1:10).

3. Mix the diluted blood sample thoroughly to ensure uniform distribution.

4. Transfer a measured volume of the diluted blood sample into the hemocytometer.

5. Allow the white blood cells to settle in the counting chamber.

6. Count the number of white blood cells in multiple fields of view under the microscope.

7. Calculate the average number of leukocytes per unit volume of blood using the dilution factor and volume of blood counted.


Use

Total leukocyte count is a standard diagnostic test used to assess the body's immune response and to diagnose various infections, inflammatory conditions, and hematological disorders.


Detected Diseases

Infections (bacterial, viral, fungal), inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease), leukemias, lymphomas, and other hematological disorders can be detected or monitored using total leukocyte count.

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